2.5 Sex ratios and intermarriage among cooliesĪn etymological explanation is that the word came from Hindustani word qulī ( क़ुली, قلی), which itself could be from the common Mughal era word for slave (or as a general name for imperial subjects regardless of other social status), قول ( qul).2.1 Abolition of slavery and rise of the coolie trade.Indian films celebrating coolies include Deewaar (1975), Coolie (1983), and several films titled Coolie No. In modern Indian popular culture, coolies have often been portrayed as working-class heroes or anti-heroes. This is particularly so in South Africa, the Eastern African countries, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, Jamaica, other parts of the Caribbean, Mauritius, Fiji, and the Malay Peninsula. Coolie is instead used to refer to people of fully blooded Indian descent whose ancestors migrated to the British former colonies of Africa, Asia and the Caribbean. The term differs from the word Dougla which refers to people of mixed African and Indian ancestry. Coolie is now regarded as derogatory and/or a racial slur in the Americas (more so Caribbean), Oceania, and Africa / Southeast Asia – in reference to other people from Asia. The word originated in the 17th-century Indian subcontinent and meant day labourer, but since the 20th century the word was used in British Raj India to refer to porters at railway stations. It is similar, in many respects, to the Spanish term peón, although both terms are used in some countries with different implications. The word has had a variety of other implications and is sometimes regarded as offensive or a pejorative, depending upon the historical and geographical context in India, its country of origin, it is still considered a derogatory slur. The word coolie was first popularized in the 16th century by European traders across Asia, and by the 18th century would refer to migrant Indian indentured labourers, and by the 19th century during the British colonial era, would gain a new definition of the systematic transportation and employment of Asian laborers via employment contracts on sugar plantations that had been formerly worked by enslaved Africans. Indian laborers in British Trinidad and Tobago around 1890Ī coolie (also spelled koelie, kuli, khuli, khulie, cooli, cooly, or quli) is a term for a low-wage labourer, typically of South Asian or East Asian descent.
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