melitensis in aborted cases (sheep and goats), (2) to estimate the prevalence rate of B. The purposes of this study were: (1) to identify B. Recently, a robust and rapid multiplex PCR assay has been introduced which allows for the differentiation of all nine currently recognized Brucella species including the recently described Brucella species, B. Vaccine strain Rev-1 may also be identified using specific PCRs. melitensis, but develops smaller colonies on agar media it does not grow in the presence of basic fuchsine, thionin (20 □g/mL), or benzyl penicillin (3 □g/mL) (final concentrations) but does grow in the presence of streptomycin at 2.5 or 5 □g/mL (5 IU/mL). melitensis strain Rev-1 has the normal properties of a biovar 1 strain of B. Omp2a does not have the restriction site of PstI and therefore is not a good target for differentiation of vaccine strains with field strain in PCR RFLP but omp2b has the mentioned site for the PstI enzyme and can be used successfully for differentiation of all Brucella vaccine strains with the field strains infection. This method can differentiate field infection with Rev-1 vaccines by producing different band pattern using Pst1 endonuclease enzyme. Because of the hazardousness of vaccine strains that can cause disease in human and animals, PCR-RFLP assay is being used successfully to differentiate all vaccine strains from field infection using omp2 gene of brucellae which has 2 alleles omp2a and omp2b. ![]() Serological test, identification of the agent by culture and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test are the most common techniques that are used for brucellosis diagnosis. Conjunctival vaccination is safer than subcutaneous vaccination but is not safe enough to be applied regardless of pregnancy status of animals and the duration of immunity conferred by this method of vaccination is the subject of controversy. The Rev-1 vaccine is indicated to protect small ruminants against brucellosis and to protect females from abortion in regions where the disease occurs. melitensis, Rev-1 vaccine is generally preferred. ![]() Of the vaccines used for immunizing small ruminants against B. Vaccination is regarded as a measure for reducing the prevalence of the disease to a level where eradication by test and slaughter can be implemented. Ĭontrol measures are based on strict hygiene and vaccination programs. Animal brucellosis poses a barrier to trade of animals and animal products between countries and causes considerable economic losses due to abortion and fertility problems to the sheep and goat industry. It is endemic in sheep and goats in most countries of the Mediterranean basin, the Middle East, Central Asia, with only North America, North Europe, South-East Asia, and Oceania being spared. Brucellosis is present throughout the five continents and it is still an uncontrolled serious public health problem in many developing countries. melitensis has 3 biovars (1–3), highly pathogenic for humans. melitensis, remains one of the most common zoonotic diseases worldwide with more than 500,000 human cases reported annually. Introductionīrucellosis, especially caused by B. 0 5) risk factors positively associated with the occurrence of brucellosis in sheep and goat flocks. 9 2, CI: 1.1–7.7) and grazing at common pasture ( O R = 2. Vaccination with Rev-1 in the last year ( O R = 2. For differentiation between vaccine strain and field strain infection, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method using PstI endonuclease enzyme was used. melitensis was 27.1% (51/188) among aborted animals. These positive samples were obtained from 28 sheep and 33 goats. melitensis insertion sequence 711 ( IS711) primers on the 107 omp2 positive samples, only 61 confirmed to be positive for B. One hundred and seven (41.9%) biological samples were positive for the omp2 primers that were able to identify all Brucella species in the collected samples which were obtained from 86 aborted animals ( 8 6 / 1 8 8 = 4 5. Sampled animals belonged to 93 sheep and goat flocks that had abortion cases in the region. ![]() Two hundred and fifty five biological samples were collected from 188 animals (81 sheep and 107 goats) during the lambing season from September 2009 to April 2010 from the Mafraq region of Jordan.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |